دور حداثة تكنولوجيا المعلومات المالية ومدى فاعلية الشمول المالي في ظل تأثير جائحة كورونا بحث في المصارف العراقية
الكلمات المفتاحية:
تكنولوجيا المعلومات المالية، الشمول المالي، المصارف، (covid -19)
الملخص
لم تعد تكنولوجيا المعلومات المالية وظيفة دعم داخل المؤسسات المصرفية فقط بل اصبحت عامل تمكين أساسي لاستراتيجيات الأعمال بما في ذلك كيفية الوصول إلى العملاء وتلبية احتياجاتهم ، كما زاد الاهتمام في تعزيز وانتاج صناعة الخدمات وانتقال عدد كبير من المصارف والمؤسسات المالية الى استخدام التقنيات الحديثة في تقديم مختلف الخدمات المالية وانجاز المعاملات الكترونيا ، لذلك تكمن مشكلة بحثنا في ظهور جائحة كورونا وما احدثته هذه الجائحة من انغلاق وعزل فضلا عن قلة الوعي الثقافي بين افراد المجتمع العراقي وعدم الثقة والامان في سهولة الاستخدام والاستجابة للخدمات المصرفية نتيجة الظروف التي مر بها البلد ، وهل حققت المصارف قدرتها في تقديم الخدمات المالية بالشكل المطلوب خلال جائحة كورونا ؟ لذا يهدف البحث الى بيان دور التقنيات المالية في تحقيق فاعلية الشمول المالي للمصارف خلال جائحة كورونا التي تعايشها المجتمع والعالم منذ عام 2019 وما وجدت المؤسسات المصرفية امامها من تحديات وصعوبات خلقت المساواة او عدمها في الاستفادة من البنية والتطور الرقمي من اجل تمكين المجتمع ككل من الخدمات المالية وتحقيق دفعة نمو اقتصادي مستدام ، ولتحقيق هدف البحث طبق على عدد من المصارف المثبتة في (سوق العراق للاوراق المالية) على مجتمع يبلغ (140) موظف، بأستخدام المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي بعينة عشوائية بسيطة بلغت (91) موظف والأداة المستخدمة في جمع بيانات البحث (الاستبانة) والقيام بتحليلها أحصائياً ، استخدم برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية ( Spss – Ver – 19 ) وبرنامج ( Microsoft Excel )، وتم استخدام الاساليب الاحصائية (الوسط الحسابي ، الانحراف المعياري ، معامل الارتباط بيرسون ، أختبار t ، أختبارf ، معامل الانحدارB ، معامل التحديد R²)، وقد توصل البحث الى عدة استنتاجات اهمها وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين المصارف العراقية عينة البحث في تقديم الخدمات المالية الرقمية خلال جائحة فيروس كورونا، إذ أتاحت هذه الازمة كيفية الاستفادة من الفرص في توسيع نطاق فاعلية الشمول المالي للمصارف من خلال الاستعانة بتقنيات التكنولوجيا المالية ، ومن اهم التوصيات ضرورة توسيع نطاق الخدمات والمنتجات المالية مع تنظيم خدمات الدفع الاكتروني وتوفير بدائل تتناسب مع إمكانيات العملاء ، ووضع استراتيجيات واضحة المعالم من أجل تحفيز الوعي المالي لدى المواطنين وتثقيفهم بهدف الاستخدام الامثل للخدمات والمنتجات المالية بما يخدم ويلبي احتياجاتهم الضرورية ، أي تحقيق التكامل في إطار العولمة الذي يسوده تبادل المعارف ، الخبرات والخدمات مما سيسهم في تحقيق عملية توازن صحيح بين التمكين المالي ودرء المخاطر .
المراجع
[1]The reality of financial inclusion in Iraq » Iraqi News Agency (ina.iq).
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[3] Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire, design, interviewing and attitude measurement. London: Pinter Pub Ltd.
[4] De Vaus, D. (2002) Surveys in Social Research. 5th Edition, Routledge, London.
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[7]Rafiqa, Ben Aishoba, Sourieh, Sedqawi, and Mhamed, Bazaria (2021), Financial technology and the promotion of financial inclusion in the light of the Corona virus pandemic, Journal of Economics and Environment, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 163-182.
[8] Lazhawi, Zawaweed (2021), The Role of Financial Technology in Promoting Financial Inclusion in the Light of the Corona Pandemic, Rehan Journal for Scientific Publishing, No. 3, p. 1-23.
[9] The Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF) at the University Of Cambridge Judge Business School, the Global Covid-19 FinTech Regulatory Rapid Assessment Study, and This study was partially funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) through the Cambridge Alternative Finance Collaboration Network (CAFCN) Programme (2020).
[10] International Monetary Fund - Annual Report 2020, https://www.amf.org.ae/en.[5] Al-Zubaidi, Muhammad, and Khudair, Jinan (2021), Financial Inclusion and Foreign Direct Investments / Obstacles and Solutions, Warith Scientific Journal, College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, Volume 3, Issue 7, pp. 36-49.
[11] Laftah, Rasha Odeh, Hussain, Salem Awad (2019), Suggested mechanisms and policies to expand the base of financial inclusion to reach financial service in Iraq, Journal of the University College of Science, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 80-93.
[12] Al-Rahim, Wahiba Abd, Bin Qadour, Ashwaq (2018), Financial Technology Trends in the Light of Successful Companies’ Experiences, Al-Ijtihad Journal for Legal and Economic Studies, Volume 7, No. 3, pp. 11-35.
[13] Al-Nima, Nagham Hussein, Hassan, Ahmed Nouri (2019), The role of financial inclusion in providing financial support to women in Iraq, the Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Support, Volume 11, Number 2, pp. 17-31.
[14] Iskandar, Zahra Jarallah Hammo (2020), The Role of Financial Technology in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Financial Inclusion - A Standard Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Workers in Mosul Bank for Development and Investment in Nineveh Governorate, Journal of Administration and Economics, Volume 9, Issue 33, p. 92- 124.
[15] Al-Khazraji, Soraya Abdul Rahim Ali, and Al-Araji, Sabyan Tariq Saeed (2020), Economic Measurement of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Banking Stability in Iraq, Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Volume 26, Number 119, pp. 323-344.
[16] Hamdi, Zahraa Salih (2020), The Importance of Financial Technology in Enhancing the Financial Inclusion of Banks with Reference to International Experiences, Anbar University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 28, pp. 166-181.
[17] R.Alt, &R. Beck, &M. T. Smits, FinTech and the transformation of the financial industry, Institute of Applied Informatics at University of Leipzig , Published online: 13 August 2018,pp235-243, https://doi.org.
[18] Al-Rahim, Wahiba Abdel, Bin Said, Amin, Abdel Rahim, Nadia (2018), Financial Technology Companies in the Middle East and North Africa, International Journal of Economics and Business, Volume 4, No. 1, pp. 34-45, http:// www.refaad.com.
[19] https://mustaqbalweb.com/webtv/video/98761.
[20] Al-Khazraji, Fouad Muhammad Abdullah (2020), the extent of the use of electronic banking services and its impact on financial inclusion - a field study, Journal of Baghdad College of University Economics, pp. 257-271.
[21] https://wiki.kololk.com/wiki40848-mal-o-a3mal-أنواع_القروض
[22] Al-Hasnawi, Salem Salal, Mahdi, Lina Salah (2020), The Role of Financial Inclusion in Promoting the Growth of the Iraqi Economy, An Applied Study of a Sample of Banks Listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, No. 58, pp. 27-50 .
[23] Bin Alqamah, Malika, Sahihi, Youssef (2018), The Role of Financial Technology in Supporting the Financial and Banking Services Sector, Journal of Ijtihad for Legal and Economic Studies, Volume 7, No. 3, pp. 86-107.
[24] Hussein, Ibtisam Ali, Jabr, Shatha Abdul-Hussein, Kassara, Wafaa Ayoub (2020), The Role of Financial Information Technology in Promoting Financial Inclusion in the Light of the Knowledge Economy, an exploratory study in Al-Nahrain Islamic Bank, Journal of Administration and Economics, Issue 147, p. 45-61. [18] C. CHANCE, Fintech in the Middle East – An Overview (2017).
[25] Ismail, Abdul Ghafar& Ismail, Mohd Adib& Shahimi, Shahida& Shaikh, Salman Ahmed, Financial Inclusiveness in Islamic Banking: Comparison of Ideals and Practices Based on Maqasid-e-Shari’ah, Paper to be presented at 4th International Conference on Inclusive Financial Sector Development, 17-18 November 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan .
[26] Global analysis of investment in fintech, the Q1’17 edition of KPMG International’s Pulse of Fintech report, 27 April 2017.
[27] What is Blockchain technology a simple and easy explanation - Crypto Arab? (cryptoarabe.com)
[28] Al-Imam, Salah al-Din Muhammad Amin, and Ali, Ayser Razzaq Abd (2019), the effect of electronic banking services on indicators for measuring financial inclusion (analytical study) in the Iraqi banking system, Journal of Dinars, Issue 21, pp. 457-486.
[29] Al-Shammari, Kamal Kazem Jawad, and Al-Fatlawi, Riam Fadel Shaker (2016), analyzing the relationship between financial inclusion and banking stability (an applied study in Iraq for the period from 2010-2016), the Iraqi Journal of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 63, p. 80-104.
[30] Muhammad, Muhammad Jassim (2020), The Role of Financial Technology in Achieving Financial Inclusion - A study of a group of Arab countries for the period (2014-2018), Gulf Economics Journal, No. 44, pp. 175-242.
[31] Al-Anbaki, Ajmad Kazem Taher, Al-Shammari, Suad Adnan Noman, Al-Azzawi, Shatha Salman Habib (2021), The Role of Comprehensive Banks in Achieving Financial Inclusion, the First International Scientific Conference, Al-Warith Scientific Academy, University of Warith Al-Anbiya, Volume 3, p. 151 -160.
[32] K. and Sung, A., Leong, FinTech (Financial Technology): What is It and How to Use
Technologies to Create Business Value in Fintech Way? International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 74-78.
[33] Ajour, Hanin Muhammad Badr, and Al-Sharfa, Yasser Abed Taher (2017), the role of financial inclusion in national banks in achieving social responsibility towards customers (case study - Islamic banks operating in the Gaza Strip), Master’s research, College of Administration, Islamic University in Gaza.
[34] Measuring Financial InclusionCore Set of Financial Inclusion Indicators, The Core Set of Financial Inclusion Indicators was developed by AFI’s Financial Inclusion Data, 2013, AFI is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and administered by GIZ (German International Cooperation.
[35] FID Guideline note: Indicators of the quality dimension of financlal inclusion, AFI, Sasana Kijang, 2, Jalan Dato’ Onn, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiat +60 3 2776 9000 e info@afi-global.org www.afi-global.org www.facebook.com/AFI.History @NewsAFI, 2016.
[36] The reality of financial inclusion and the role of financial technology in promoting it - Union of Arab Banks (uabonline.org) https://uabonline.org
[37] Requirements for implementing financial inclusion in Iraq -- Science for All Project (srp-center.iq) https://srp-center.iq
[38] Hwa EY,Gary, Global FinTech Adoption Index 2019, Gary Hwa EY Global Financial Services Markets Executive Chair and EY Asia-Pacific Financial Services Regional Managing Partner.
[39] Al-Nasrawi, Sultan Jassim, Putting Iraq in the FinxAr Fintech Industry Index - College of Administration and Economics - University of Karbala, 10-24-2121 (uokerbala.edu.iq)
[40] Al-Nasrawi, Sultan Jassim, Financial stability in Iraq...between the double crisis and the Corona pandemic - 2-9-2021 (fcdrs.com)
[41] Farag, Mohamed, Economic challenges that impose themselves after Covid-19 | Sky News Arabia 2021 (skynewsarabia.com)
[42] Hamdoush, Wafaa (2020), The Importance of Strengthening Financial Inclusion as a Means of Increasing the Depth of the Banking Sector - The Case of the Arab Countries, Meteorology Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, Volume 3, Special Issue, pp. 1-18.
[43] Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). “Research methods for business students” 5thed, Pearson Education Limited: Prentice Hall, England.
[2] Krejcie, Robert V., Morgan, Daryle W., 1970, “Determining Sample Size for Research Activities”, Educational and Psychological Measurement.
[3] Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire, design, interviewing and attitude measurement. London: Pinter Pub Ltd.
[4] De Vaus, D. (2002) Surveys in Social Research. 5th Edition, Routledge, London.
[5] Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th Ed.). Boston: Cengage.
[6] Al-Jadri, Adnan Hussein, and Abu Helu, Yaqoub Abdullah, (2009), “methodological foundations and statistical uses in educational and human sciences research”, first edition, enrichment for publication and distribution, Amman - Jordan.
[7]Rafiqa, Ben Aishoba, Sourieh, Sedqawi, and Mhamed, Bazaria (2021), Financial technology and the promotion of financial inclusion in the light of the Corona virus pandemic, Journal of Economics and Environment, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 163-182.
[8] Lazhawi, Zawaweed (2021), The Role of Financial Technology in Promoting Financial Inclusion in the Light of the Corona Pandemic, Rehan Journal for Scientific Publishing, No. 3, p. 1-23.
[9] The Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF) at the University Of Cambridge Judge Business School, the Global Covid-19 FinTech Regulatory Rapid Assessment Study, and This study was partially funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) through the Cambridge Alternative Finance Collaboration Network (CAFCN) Programme (2020).
[10] International Monetary Fund - Annual Report 2020, https://www.amf.org.ae/en.[5] Al-Zubaidi, Muhammad, and Khudair, Jinan (2021), Financial Inclusion and Foreign Direct Investments / Obstacles and Solutions, Warith Scientific Journal, College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, Volume 3, Issue 7, pp. 36-49.
[11] Laftah, Rasha Odeh, Hussain, Salem Awad (2019), Suggested mechanisms and policies to expand the base of financial inclusion to reach financial service in Iraq, Journal of the University College of Science, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 80-93.
[12] Al-Rahim, Wahiba Abd, Bin Qadour, Ashwaq (2018), Financial Technology Trends in the Light of Successful Companies’ Experiences, Al-Ijtihad Journal for Legal and Economic Studies, Volume 7, No. 3, pp. 11-35.
[13] Al-Nima, Nagham Hussein, Hassan, Ahmed Nouri (2019), The role of financial inclusion in providing financial support to women in Iraq, the Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Support, Volume 11, Number 2, pp. 17-31.
[14] Iskandar, Zahra Jarallah Hammo (2020), The Role of Financial Technology in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Financial Inclusion - A Standard Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Workers in Mosul Bank for Development and Investment in Nineveh Governorate, Journal of Administration and Economics, Volume 9, Issue 33, p. 92- 124.
[15] Al-Khazraji, Soraya Abdul Rahim Ali, and Al-Araji, Sabyan Tariq Saeed (2020), Economic Measurement of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Banking Stability in Iraq, Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Volume 26, Number 119, pp. 323-344.
[16] Hamdi, Zahraa Salih (2020), The Importance of Financial Technology in Enhancing the Financial Inclusion of Banks with Reference to International Experiences, Anbar University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 28, pp. 166-181.
[17] R.Alt, &R. Beck, &M. T. Smits, FinTech and the transformation of the financial industry, Institute of Applied Informatics at University of Leipzig , Published online: 13 August 2018,pp235-243, https://doi.org.
[18] Al-Rahim, Wahiba Abdel, Bin Said, Amin, Abdel Rahim, Nadia (2018), Financial Technology Companies in the Middle East and North Africa, International Journal of Economics and Business, Volume 4, No. 1, pp. 34-45, http:// www.refaad.com.
[19] https://mustaqbalweb.com/webtv/video/98761.
[20] Al-Khazraji, Fouad Muhammad Abdullah (2020), the extent of the use of electronic banking services and its impact on financial inclusion - a field study, Journal of Baghdad College of University Economics, pp. 257-271.
[21] https://wiki.kololk.com/wiki40848-mal-o-a3mal-أنواع_القروض
[22] Al-Hasnawi, Salem Salal, Mahdi, Lina Salah (2020), The Role of Financial Inclusion in Promoting the Growth of the Iraqi Economy, An Applied Study of a Sample of Banks Listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, No. 58, pp. 27-50 .
[23] Bin Alqamah, Malika, Sahihi, Youssef (2018), The Role of Financial Technology in Supporting the Financial and Banking Services Sector, Journal of Ijtihad for Legal and Economic Studies, Volume 7, No. 3, pp. 86-107.
[24] Hussein, Ibtisam Ali, Jabr, Shatha Abdul-Hussein, Kassara, Wafaa Ayoub (2020), The Role of Financial Information Technology in Promoting Financial Inclusion in the Light of the Knowledge Economy, an exploratory study in Al-Nahrain Islamic Bank, Journal of Administration and Economics, Issue 147, p. 45-61. [18] C. CHANCE, Fintech in the Middle East – An Overview (2017).
[25] Ismail, Abdul Ghafar& Ismail, Mohd Adib& Shahimi, Shahida& Shaikh, Salman Ahmed, Financial Inclusiveness in Islamic Banking: Comparison of Ideals and Practices Based on Maqasid-e-Shari’ah, Paper to be presented at 4th International Conference on Inclusive Financial Sector Development, 17-18 November 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan .
[26] Global analysis of investment in fintech, the Q1’17 edition of KPMG International’s Pulse of Fintech report, 27 April 2017.
[27] What is Blockchain technology a simple and easy explanation - Crypto Arab? (cryptoarabe.com)
[28] Al-Imam, Salah al-Din Muhammad Amin, and Ali, Ayser Razzaq Abd (2019), the effect of electronic banking services on indicators for measuring financial inclusion (analytical study) in the Iraqi banking system, Journal of Dinars, Issue 21, pp. 457-486.
[29] Al-Shammari, Kamal Kazem Jawad, and Al-Fatlawi, Riam Fadel Shaker (2016), analyzing the relationship between financial inclusion and banking stability (an applied study in Iraq for the period from 2010-2016), the Iraqi Journal of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 63, p. 80-104.
[30] Muhammad, Muhammad Jassim (2020), The Role of Financial Technology in Achieving Financial Inclusion - A study of a group of Arab countries for the period (2014-2018), Gulf Economics Journal, No. 44, pp. 175-242.
[31] Al-Anbaki, Ajmad Kazem Taher, Al-Shammari, Suad Adnan Noman, Al-Azzawi, Shatha Salman Habib (2021), The Role of Comprehensive Banks in Achieving Financial Inclusion, the First International Scientific Conference, Al-Warith Scientific Academy, University of Warith Al-Anbiya, Volume 3, p. 151 -160.
[32] K. and Sung, A., Leong, FinTech (Financial Technology): What is It and How to Use
Technologies to Create Business Value in Fintech Way? International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 74-78.
[33] Ajour, Hanin Muhammad Badr, and Al-Sharfa, Yasser Abed Taher (2017), the role of financial inclusion in national banks in achieving social responsibility towards customers (case study - Islamic banks operating in the Gaza Strip), Master’s research, College of Administration, Islamic University in Gaza.
[34] Measuring Financial InclusionCore Set of Financial Inclusion Indicators, The Core Set of Financial Inclusion Indicators was developed by AFI’s Financial Inclusion Data, 2013, AFI is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and administered by GIZ (German International Cooperation.
[35] FID Guideline note: Indicators of the quality dimension of financlal inclusion, AFI, Sasana Kijang, 2, Jalan Dato’ Onn, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiat +60 3 2776 9000 e info@afi-global.org www.afi-global.org www.facebook.com/AFI.History @NewsAFI, 2016.
[36] The reality of financial inclusion and the role of financial technology in promoting it - Union of Arab Banks (uabonline.org) https://uabonline.org
[37] Requirements for implementing financial inclusion in Iraq -- Science for All Project (srp-center.iq) https://srp-center.iq
[38] Hwa EY,Gary, Global FinTech Adoption Index 2019, Gary Hwa EY Global Financial Services Markets Executive Chair and EY Asia-Pacific Financial Services Regional Managing Partner.
[39] Al-Nasrawi, Sultan Jassim, Putting Iraq in the FinxAr Fintech Industry Index - College of Administration and Economics - University of Karbala, 10-24-2121 (uokerbala.edu.iq)
[40] Al-Nasrawi, Sultan Jassim, Financial stability in Iraq...between the double crisis and the Corona pandemic - 2-9-2021 (fcdrs.com)
[41] Farag, Mohamed, Economic challenges that impose themselves after Covid-19 | Sky News Arabia 2021 (skynewsarabia.com)
[42] Hamdoush, Wafaa (2020), The Importance of Strengthening Financial Inclusion as a Means of Increasing the Depth of the Banking Sector - The Case of the Arab Countries, Meteorology Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, Volume 3, Special Issue, pp. 1-18.
[43] Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). “Research methods for business students” 5thed, Pearson Education Limited: Prentice Hall, England.
منشور
2022-07-25
كيفية الاقتباس
باسمة حازم محمد, & عدنان ياسر محمد. (2022). دور حداثة تكنولوجيا المعلومات المالية ومدى فاعلية الشمول المالي في ظل تأثير جائحة كورونا بحث في المصارف العراقية. مجلة العصر للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماع, (4), 86-119. https://doi.org/10.33193/eJHAS.4.2022.211
إصدار
القسم
المقالات
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2022 باسمة حازم محمد , عدنان ياسر محمد
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