Islamic Legal Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment in light of the Objectives of Islamic Law

Abstract

This research examines the Islamic guidelines for preventing and treating diseases and epidemics in light of the higher objectives (Maqasid) of Islamic law. It emphasizes that preserving human life is one of the five essential necessities protected by the Sharia. The study highlights how Islam integrates both material and spiritual means in disease prevention through the teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

The research outlines key Islamic principles of health protection, including personal hygiene, purification, practices of natural disposition (Sunan al‑Fitrah), cleanliness of food and drink utensils, covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, environmental cleanliness, and the prophetic guidance on quarantine and avoiding plague‑stricken areas. It also discusses the legitimacy of medical vaccination as a preventive measure and part of taking lawful means.

The study connects these guidelines to the objectives of Sharia, particularly the preservation of life, showing that preventive measures align with the Islamic principles of promoting benefits and preventing harm. It concludes by stressing the importance of applying these teachings in modern contexts to enhance public health and achieve a balance between faith and scientific practice.